The operating system is responsible for managing the entire resources and operations of a PC by controlling access to the central processing unit (CPU) and memory of the computer files, storage devices, and input and output devices. It is responsible for scheduling resource usage to avoid conflicts and interfering between processes, regulating the structure and contents of files in nonprimary storage media and determining which applications are able to use hardware components such as disk drives or Wi -Fi adaptors. It also offers a method for interactive users to connect to the system via either an Graphical User Interface (GUI) or a Command-Line Interface (CLI).
Process Management
Operating systems handle the start-up, stopping, and restarting of programs. It decides which program gets to run first and how long it will utilize the CPU, and when it’s time to end. It is also able to split the program into multiple threads to allow it to run on a variety of processors simultaneously. Each of these actions are controlled by a routine within the operating system called the process block.
File management
Operating systems manage the structure and contents of files stored in nonprimary storage. They can move data between storage and memory in the event of need. They can also convert virtual memory pages onto physical memory pages to speed up access. This process is called demand paging.
It also interacts with hardware of the computer through drivers and other interfacing software. For instance the case where an application wishes to utilize a particular piece of hardware, like a Wi-Fi adaptor it will ask the operating system system of relations between investors to provide the driver, and let the application access it. This allows the programmer to avoid writing a piece of code for each adapter disk drive, or other hardware of the same type.
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